Using the Federal Rehabilitation Act 1973 versus Americans with Disabilities Act in court essays

Utilizing the Federal Rehabilitation Act 1973 versus Americans with Disabilities Act in court articles In this occasion, Lawyer Smart thinks it is far-fetched that Mr. Ganizer could win a suit against the state funded college being referred to under the Americans with Disabilities Act in light of the fact that despite the fact that the particulars of the demonstration expects managers to make sensible suits to people with clinical handicaps, the person being referred to must have the option to perform the fundamental elements of the activity with or without sensible housing. This means managers are not committed to recruit an individual in the event that the person in question can't play out the aptitudes expected to do the fundamental portions of the activity. Moreover, the college is an open just as a private foundation, confusing the lawful repercussions of the demonstration. Be that as it may, an ongoing correction, called Section 508, to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 necessitates that electronic and data innovation created, secured, kept up, or utilized by the Federal government be open to individuals with incapacities. This is one explanation, other than the way that the college gets government financing, that attorney Smart may think there is trust in winning a suite against the college under the Federal Recoveries Act of 1973. In this specific example, no endeavors were made by the enlistment center to make it simpler for Mr. Ganizer to play out his activities vital for the activity using innovation. Given the 1973 law's ongoing change in 1998, all things considered, Mr. Ganizer's suite under the Federal Rehabilitations Act of 1973 will empower legal advisor Smart to pick up compensation for his customer. Right off the bat, Ganizer's chiefs were made mindful, at an opportune time, of his handicap. In spite of the fact that Mr. Ganizer put forth a decent confidence attempt to educate his bosses regarding his handicap, they don't did anything to make it simpler for him to play out his business to the best of his capacity utilizing educational innovation accessible to the enlistment center. ... <!

Uzbekistan †a country of great opportunity free essay sample

Uzbekistan as an autonomous and sovereign state showed up on the political guide as of late. However, on the off chance that we think back we will perceive how quick Uzbekistan is prospering at economy circle, improvement of industry, farming and other since freedom was announced. The atmosphere in our nation is remarkable but instead positive for the development of different natural products, vegetables, rural items. Around 32 mln. hectares of land (out of 45 mln. hectares) are utilized at agribusiness. Around 83% of these terrains are open meadows. On watered land world celebrated grapes and cotton are developed, of which top of the line items are gotten. What's more, astrakhan and fleece are additionally pleased with Uzbekistan. The republic of Uzbekistan has numerous deliberately significant fields and mines of oil, gas, coal, gold, silver, valuable metals and so on. Some of them are oil and gas stores in Bukhara, Samarkand, Shurtan, Ustyurt; coal †in Baisun and Angren pools. The most famous gold mine is arranged in Muruntau. We will compose a custom exposition test on Uzbekistan †a nation of extraordinary chance or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Also, Uzbekistan helps out numerous nations of the world and has well disposed and political relations. For example, monetary talks with probably the biggest organization in Thailand  «PTTEP ». As the pioneer of the designation Apichart Chinvanno guaranteed that the primary point of their visit was to add to the reinforcing of two-sided relations between the two nations which have incredible potential in such territories as exchange, speculation and the travel industry. Agents of the organization  «PTTEP » keen on putting resources into oil and gas area of Uzbekistan. In such manner, they have held talks with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations, Investments and Trade of Uzbekistan and Uzbekneftegaz. â€Å"Uzbekistan is of incredible worry to the Thai business, especially for its private segment. There are wide open doors for Thai agents in Uzbekistan for the improvement of a fruitful exchange between our nations. Thus, I will do all that I hang, with the goal that the Uzbek-Thai exchange, financial and speculation participation is continually advancing ascending†. †said Chinvanno. Likewise adjacent to enormous mineral stores, Uzbekistan has 50-60% of the work power of the all out populace, which is significant. Furthermore, this figure is developing each year. Uzbekistan is actually a youthful nation, as about 60% of the populace individuals on normal as long as 30 years. Education in Uzbekistan is about 95%. By level of instruction, our state is on one of the noteworthy spots among the created nations of the world. In this manner, we can perceive how enormous has enriched our nation, what it has just accomplished and what can be accomplished later on. Mind boggling capability of the state by and by focuses to the future turn of events, change and progress. What's more, every resident can gladly express that Uzbekistan a nation of incredible chance.

MeisterLabs Community Round-Up 5 Inspiring Team Workflows

MeisterLabs Community Round-Up 5 Inspiring Team Workflows 2017 has been a rollercoaster for many of us. However, hearing from teams around the world who are using MindMeister and MeisterTask to achieve inspiring things has been a high point for us here at MeisterLabs. So, whether you’re counting down the days for this year to be over, or trying to squeeze every last drop out of 2017, we thought we’d share some highlights from the MeisterLabs community you might even like to steal some of these workflows for yourself ?? 1. Helping Teachers in Iowas Schools with the Email to Task Zap With emails flooding in from clients, colleagues, and stakeholders on a daily basis, your inbox can really take a hit. Aaron Roberts, the Innovation Coach for Mason City Schools, shared how this occurs in his work: “My job as the Innovation Coach is similar to the work of a consultant. Teachers are my clients, so I have a great deal of teacher questions rolling into my inbox daily,” To help Aaron manage these emails, he set up a Zap, from Zapier, that converts labeled Gmail messages into MeisterTask tasks. For example, by labeling an email as “Middle school teacher needs”, the email is added automatically as a task to the relevant section of Aaron’s teacher request project board. Without lifting a finger, Aaron’s important emails are turned into tasks, including: the email subject line forming the task name the body of the email forming the task description and the teacher’s email address included in the task description, for an efficient response. “I can be an emailaholic,” Aaron shares. “Thankfully, MeisterTask keeps our team out of our email and focused on the bigger picture, while still managing the day-to-day client needs.” Read Aaron’s story here. 2. Working Remotely to Provide Sustainable Housing Across Europe The Building and Energy Conservation Bureau (ESEB) is an NGO working tirelessly to provide European citizens with long-lasting homes that are safe, warm, environmentally friendly and affordable. Image from ESEB’s Facebook Page. However, with their headquarters in Riga, Latvia but their team spread throughout Europe, the team were facing a collaboration problem: “The biggest issue we were facing was task management between remote team members,” ESEB’s Research Analyst, MartinÅ¡ Miezis, shared with us. “We needed a solution that would display and help to manage the tasks that each employee was working on.” Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Weekly Strategy Meeting on MindMeister. As a result, the team began using MindMeister to hold meetings across their locations, before converting the plans into actionable, assigned tasks in MeisterTask, via the integration. Subsequently, everyone is clear on project progress, no matter their location. Plus, according to the team, they’ve been delivering their housing projects to deadline, and collaboratively, ever since. Read ESEB’s story here. Make every team meeting effectivewith mind maps with MindMeister with MindMeister 3. Designing Extraordinary Events with Project Scope Mind Maps Event Design Collective is an organization developing innovative ways to plan and implement impactful events. In order to help clients to design and execute these events, the team uses MindMeister to visually share their creative vision with clients. “We use MindMeister to map out and research the event design projects, as well as begin the planning of the design,” Managing Partner and Co-Founder, Ruud Janssen shared. “We find MindMeister particularly useful for sorting out complex problems and getting a clear first picture of the scope, time and research required by new projects.” The mind map, demonstrating project scope and vision, is shared with the client for feedback, ensuring all requirements are agreed upon, before going on to develop a collaborative project plan and roadmap. Read Event Design Collective’s story here. 4. Using Task Checklists and Due Dates to Run the Perfect Wedding Wedding days can be pretty high-pressure. Couples have likely planned their big day for months or even years beforehand, organizing every minute detail to a T. Being part of rolling out this special and precise vision is a big responsibility. Wedding Photographer, Martina Lundborg, shared with us how she uses MeisterTask to help ensure the weddings are just as perfect as planned: “One of the worst things that can happen at a wedding is that you forget something essential. To ensure this doesn’t happen, I have a task per client in MeisterTask, including a checklist of everything I need to remember,” Lundborg shared. “Within the task, I can keep adding items to the checklist as they arise, such as a specific lens I might need for an outdoor wedding or a change of shoes for the 12+ hours of non-stop shooting. I then set the task due date to be a day or so before the wedding, to remind myself to pack all essential belongings!” With this new workflow, Martinas business is growing and partnerships with other wedding photographers are now on the cards: “I’ve always worked alone as a wedding photographer but I’m starting to get involved with projects that involve cooperating more with other photographers in Sweden projects that I would never have considered since the management would take too much time. However, since I’ve worked out a much better workflow , although it sounds cliché, anything now feels possible!” Read Martina’s story here. Productive task managementmade simple 5. Building Beautiful Digital Marketing Solutions Transparently Earlier this year, we heard from Dutch creative agency We Brand Creative about how they manage client liaison transparently, by creating a new MeisterTask project board for each new client they work with. The team then invites their client to collaborate in the project, providing a visual project roadmap and allowing their clients to track project progress transparently, via the Kanban workflow. Each of their project boards includes the tasks agreed upon with the client and the stage that each task is at in the journey to completion. For example, the team has a section for ‘In Progress *Client Name*’, including all tasks that are in progress but currently with the client for feedback. This feedback can then be given via the inbuilt task commenting features, or within documents attached to the task. “We’ve long been looking for a tool that allows us to work with our clients in an accessible way,” Wouter Zwarekant, Creative Director of We Brand Creative shared. “ we can simply provide clients with access to the relevant project, and because MeisterTask can be used via the web, mobile, and desktop apps, it’s a solution that every client can work with.” Read We Brand Creative’s story here. The process of using MeisterTask for client liaison will soon be even easier with  roles permissions a new feature available on our upcoming MeisterTask Business plan. Keep your eyes peeled for our January announcement! So there’s our round-up of five ways teams have used MindMeister and MeisterTask to achieve inspiring things in 2017 and the workflows they used to do so! Do you have a story you’d like to share on how you’re using MindMeister and/or MeisterTask to achieve great things? Get in touch! In the meantime, wishing you all a great holiday period and a happy new year from the whole team at MeisterLabs! Save 30% on MindMeister MeisterTask

The Battle of the Falkland Islands - World War I

The Battle of the Falklands was fought during World War I (1914-1918).  The squadrons engaged on December 8, 1914, off the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.  Following his stunning victory over the British at the Battle of Coronel on November 1, 1914, Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee turned the German East Asia Squadron for Valparaiso, Chile. Entering port, von Spee was compelled by international law to leave after twenty-four hours and first moved to Mas Afuera before heading to Bahia San Quintin. Assessing his squadrons situation, von Spee found that half his ammunition was expended and that coal was in short supply. Turning south, the East Asia Squadron set a course around Cape Horn and made for Germany. British Commanders Vice Admiral Doveton Sturdee2 battlecruisers3 armored cruisers2 light cruisers German Commanders Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee2 armored cruisers3 light cruisers Forces in Movement Pausing at Picton Island off Tierra del Fuego, von Spee distributed coal and allowed his men to go ashore to hunt. Departing Picton with the armored cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau, the light cruisers SMS Dresden, SMS Leipzig, and SMS Nurnburg, and three merchant ships, von Spee planned to raid the British base at Port Stanley in the Falklands as he moved north. In Britain, the defeat at Coronel led to a rapid response as First Sea Lord Sir John Fisher assembled a squadron centered on the battlecruisers HMS Invincible and HMS Inflexible to deal with von Spee. Rendezvousing at the Abrolhos Rocks, the British squadron was led by a rival of Fishers, Vice Admiral Doveton Sturdee, and consisted of the two battlecruisers, the armored cruisers HMS Carnarvon, HMS Cornwall and HMS Kent, and the light cruisers HMS Bristol and HMS Glasgow. Sailing for the Falklands, they arrived on December 7 and entered the harbor at Port Stanley. While the squadron stood down for repairs, the armed merchant cruiser Macedonia patrolled the harbor. Further support was provided by the old battleship HMS Canopus which had been grounded in the harbor for use as a gun battery. von Spee Destroyed Arriving the next morning, Spee sent Gneisenau and Nurnberg to scout the harbor. As they approached they were surprised by fire from Canopus which was largely hidden from view by a hill. Had Spee pressed his attack at this point, he may have scored a victory as Sturdees ships were cooling and ill-prepared for battle. Rather, realizing he was badly out-gunned, von Spee broke off and headed for open water around 10:00 AM. Dispatching Kent to track the Germans, Sturdee ordered his ships to raise steam and set out in pursuit. Though von Spee had a 15-mile head start, Sturdee was able to use his battlecruisers superior speed to run down the tired German ships. Around 1:00, the British opened fire on Leipzig at the end of the German line. Twenty minutes later, von Spee, realizing he could not escape, turned to engage the British with Scharnhorst and Gneisenau in the hope of giving his light cruisers time to flee. Taking advantage of the wind, which caused the funnel smoke from the British ships to obscure the Germans, von Spee succeeded in striking Invincible. Though hit several times, the damage was light due to the ships heavy armor. Turning away, von Spee again attempted to escape. Detaching three of his cruisers to pursue Nurnberg and Leipzig, Sturdee pressed the attack on Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Firing full broadsides, the battlecruisers pummeled the two German ships. In an attempt to fight back, von Spee tried to close the range, but to no avail. Scharnhorst was put out of action and sank at 4:17, with von Spee aboard. Gneisenau followed a short time later and sank at 6:02. While the heavy ships were engaging, Kent succeeded in running down and destroying Nurnberg, while Cornwall and Glasgow finished off Leipzig. Aftermath of the Battle As the firing ceased, only Dresden succeeded in escaping from the area. The light cruiser evaded the British for three months before finally surrendering off the Juan Fernà ¡ndez Islands on March 14, 1915. For the crew of Glasgow, one of the few surviving British ships that had fought at Coronel, the victory at the Falklands was particularly sweet. With the destruction of von Spees East Asia Squadron, commerce raiding by warships of the Kaiserliche Marine was effectively ended. In the fighting, Sturdees squadron suffered ten killed and 19 wounded. For von Spee, casualties numbered 1,817 killed, including the admiral and his two sons, as well as the loss of four ships. In addition, 215 German sailors (mostly from Gneisenau) were rescued and taken prisoner. Sources World War I Naval Combat: Battle of the FalklandsFirst World War: Battle of the FalklandsHistory of War: Battle of the Falklands

Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen - 1126 Words

Henrik Ibsen wrote the book, Doll’s House, in the late 1870s about the life of the common woman in Norway during the 1870s. The book gave society an inside of look of the life women in general. Woman during this time were oppressed and men were contemptuous towards women. Women that opposed their husband were considered mentally insane and sent to a mental institution. The book is about a domesticated woman named Nora. Nora lives in a house with her husband and their three kids. Nora main job to take care of herself in order to maintain her beauty. Torvald becomes sick and they do not have the money to take him to southern Europe, which is the only place here he will get better at. Nora is the only one that knows her husband is in a life threatening condition. Nora borrows the money from the banker, who is old time classmate of Torvald. The bankers name is Krogstad. As a woman, Nora is not allowed to get a loan from the bank without a signature from a man, and Torvald refuses to get a loan because he does not know his condition he is in. During this time period in history, it was considered rude to tell someone they were going to be pushing daisies soon, so the doctor tells the person closed to them at the time, which for Torvalds case is Nora. Nora forges her fathers name on the bond, how died days before the bond as signed. The book, Dolls House, deals with the aftermath of the situation Nora is no in. Krogstad blackmails Nora until the end of the play when herShow MoreRelatedA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1725 Words   |  7 Pagessuffrage, took place from 1848-1920. In the drama A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, readers are presented with what seems to be the perfect little American dream home. Anti-feminist values are presented immediately in the first scenes of the play and carry out until the end. The play was written in 1879, a time when the feminist movement was just starting to take shape and become well known. The drama A Doll’s H ouse has feminist themes that indicate Henrik Ibsen to be a supporter of the feminist movement throughRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1492 Words   |  6 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen was written in 1879 during the Victorian Era. The story is written as a play to be performed on stage. The two main characters Nora and Torvald Helmer are upper middle class husband and wife, but it boils down to social expectations. Conflicts arise when women are under their husbands rule for everything and society pressure to keep up appearances. Torvald Helmer is the antagonist to Nora, his wife, because he is mostly concerned about his reputation, he is the supremeRead MoreA Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe themes of â€Å"objecthood† and â€Å"feminine liberation† in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House as conveyed through the characterization of Torvald and Nora, diction, stage directions and structure in two integral scenes. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House conveys the story of a wife’s struggle to break away from the social norms of late nineteenth century middle class Europe. Throughout the play, Ibsen focuses on Nora’s characterization and experiences and thus this leads the reader to perceive her as the protagonistRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1556 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalent in a variety of literary selections. This paper will focus on animal imagery in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House by using the reader response strategy. In the play A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen, animal imagery is used in the development of the main character Nora. It is also later found that the animal imagery is a critical part in understanding who Nora is and how other characters perceive her. Ibsen uses creative animal imagery to develop Noras character throughout the play. The animalRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1829 Words   |  7 Pages Henrik Ibsen, writer of his most famed play A Doll’s House. Ibsen emphasizes on small-town life in this play. A Doll’s House takes place in the 1880s in Europe/Norway and based on a married couple, Torvald Nora, who are considered to be middle class. The main character Nora in Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, seems to give this false installment of her identity. She is both unpredictable and childlike. The entire first and second act she spends giving this hidden subtext that she is unreliableRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen868 Words   |  3 Pagesmoney is considered to hold the most power. In the case of the household, the person who holds the most power is the person who handles the money, and in our man-centric world, it is usually the man who holds both money and power. In Henrik Ibsens play A Doll’s House, the theme of money is used to establish power roles between the characters of the play, and how the theme contributes to typical gender roles in the 19th century. A womans duty in the 19th century was to exhibit â€Å"piety, purity, submissivenessRead MoreA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House, pointedly captures the reality of the Victorian Era within the play. Nora Helmer, the protagonist of the story, represents the typical women in society during that era. The audience’s first impression of Nora is a money obsessed, childish, obedient house wife to her husband, Torvald Helmer. However, as the play progresses one can see that Nora is far from being that typical ideal trophy wife, she is an impulsive liar who goes against society’s norm to be whomRead More A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen â€Å"A dolls house† was written by Henrik Ibsen and produced by famous actors during the time of the 1800’s; in fact it was the year of 1879 to be precise. It was around this time that many different Social, cultural and historical moments were changing through time, leaving the end result to change not only one country but had an effect on most of the world. For this section of the work I will be carefully discussing with you the issues of; * Social events Read More A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen The play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen is about a wife that is hiding a big secret from her overprotective husband. The play takes place on Christmas Eve till the day after Christmas. Nora Helmer and Torvald Helmer have been married for 8 years, yet Nora is hiding something from Torvald that she thinks would ruin everything if he found out. It opens up with Nora coming home and decorating the house for Christmas and making preparations. They have 3 children:Read MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen834 Words   |  3 PagesMr. Krogstad, a former employee of Torvald is the leading antagonist in A Doll House. He clearly has an agenda and a lust for power. Krogstad’s lust for power gives the reader a sense of subtle rage because Krogstad only wants what’s best for him and his family but he exploits Nora for his own gain. Krogstad advances the plot by controlling Nora through a loan, while illuminating both main characters, and reinforcing the themes of confusion and lost love. Krogstad influences the plot in a very

An American Family vs. Keeping Up with the Kardashians Free Essays

An American Family vs. Keeping Up with the Kardashians Although these two shows depict different time periods, they can arguably be a model for American culture or possibly a gauge in the temperature of what American culture looks like. In American Family there is a scene where one of the young men is talking about California and how he feels about it. We will write a custom essay sample on An American Family vs. Keeping Up with the Kardashians or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just the use of his language or the words in which he chooses gives the audience an idea of the language that was used during that time period. Another example of this is when the family visits the art gallery. In the television show Keeping Up With the Kardashians although they are rich, they also give a gauge of American culture through the way in which they talk as well as the activities in which they go about on a daily basis. These two shows are very different but are somewhat based upon the same premise of being a reality show. An American Family was a 12 episode series that chronicled the lives of the Loud family of Santa Barbra, California (Ruoff, 1998). While Keeping Up with the Kardashians has run for 6 seasons so far since it began in 2007. This show is presented to viewers as reality TV but as mentioned in a prior class it is more or less a sitcom and not capturing the family in a documentary style the way in which An American Family is. An American Family challenged traditional forms of documentaries and violated viewers expectations of what a documentary was supposed to be about (Ruoff, 1998). The way in which this show is shot and edited also gives is more of a narrative feel than a documentary style. I would argue that the way the it is broken into different episodes especially the time period of the 1970’s would make it seem more of a narrative as during that time there weren’t many shows to compare its different, documentary style to. The show is centered on the upcoming divorce of the mother and father and this seems to drive the story line as well. Although again it is not a sitcom, the narrative of the story seems a bit tampered with, as it is known that the parents will be divorcing very soon. Capturing the moments that lead up to the divorce can be considered to surround a narrative structure. Keeping Up with the Kardashians being based about the life of the Kardashian family with ongoing events that take place is nothing like An American Family. Although many Americans in 1973 may have been able to identify with the characters in An American Family it did not have a crazed pop culture appeal the way in which Keeping Up with the Kardashians does. This show has become somewhat of a brand but its realness or reality is questionable. Most of the happenings of the family are devised plans to collect audiences and maintain the following that they have. They typical sitcom structure of the show also gives away the reality part of the show. There is no truth or cinema verite in this show it’s all just basically pre-planned by the producers. Their extravagant lifestyles and events don’t even compare to the simplistic structure of the Loud family about to split because of the divorce. These shows are very different but on the surface seem alike because essentially the viewer is following the lives of a family. How to cite An American Family vs. Keeping Up with the Kardashians, Essay examples

Performance Evaluation and Certification †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Performance Evaluation and Certification. Answer: Introduction A total building performance brief could be effective in diagnosing and even evaluating the performance of any existing building, to ensure that the buildings use and performance is in accordance with the space, energy, and user requirements of the building (Hensen, and Lamberts, 2011). The essence of a building is the support of the occupants needs through assuring the occupants comfort and health standards at the premise (Crawley, Hand, Kummert, and Griffith, 2017). Researchers in the fields of real estate management and office management have developed the total building performance mandates which mainly target the visual, acoustic, thermal, spatial, building integrity and assessment, as well as the indoor air quality assessments (Schlueter, and Thesseling, 2009). These mandates ought to be analyzed considering the psychological, physiological, social, economic, technical, and regulatory needs of both the building occupants and its users. These mandates when assessed according to the needs of the building occupants and users, they assure the users of sustainability, flexibility, and usability of the facilitys comfort and health (Nawawi, and Khalil, 2008). The physical space requirements are; a general office with space for 20 to 25 work stations, including hot-desking, 5-8 private offices for section heads, 2 meeting rooms, a print/equipment room, kitchenette and staff meal room, storage and other ancillary space. There also need to be a controlled access for visitors to the meeting rooms, and the accommodation needs to operate on extended hours and weekends. Regulatory requirements are that there should be a controlled access for visitors to meeting rooms, and also the accommodation needs to operate on extended hours and weekends (Baird, 2016). The components of a TBP brief analyze the limit of acceptability, the building performance limits, and the terms of evaluation criteria, as shown in the figure below. Flexibility and reliability of the building plan to the specifications of the users and occupants of the building will be achieved through the utilization of intelligent by the control system and proper lighting which occupants will enjoy the health and comfort within the building (Wong, and Jan, 2013.) The occupants of the buildings will also require an assurance of safety to provide the occupants with the expected psychological needs. Physical needs will be assured by the visual and mechanical properties of the building and thus stability. Regulatory requirements will easily separate office occupants and visitors. The occupants and users with disability will also be considered to evaluate all dimensions of the building (Preiser, and Schramm, 2012). The spatial comfort between the occupants workstations will guarantee the required sociological and physiological needs of the users and occupants of the premises. The dynamism and changing aspects of the premises will affect the reliability and flexibility of the premises for its intended purpose (Pheng Low, Ying Liu, and Hiong Oh, 2008). The psychological limit of acceptability is achieved through the control of environmental aspects and thus health and comfort assuring the sociological and economic limits of accessibility. Reliability, flexibility, and usability of the office premises can only be negatively affected by maximizing maintenance as it disturbs health and comfort of occupants (Yezioro, Dong, and Leite, 2008). Conclusion The TBP is an approach that allows a construction to be assessed an evaluated by utilizing the users and occupants of the buildings needs of the said space. It provides a consistent approach to analyze the requirement of the building which then guides the implementation of the relocation project throughout the building procedure. This has clearly brought out the benefits of accessing office premises by considering numerous building performance mandates. This helps to evaluate the suitability of the premises for the expected purpose ensuring the six mandates of the building performance are within the set acceptable limit considering both objective and subjective audits. References Augenbroe, G., 2012. Integrated building performance evaluation in the early design stages. Building and Environment, 27(2), pp.149-161. Azhar, S., Brown, J. and Sattineni, A., 2010, June. A case study of building performance analyses using building information modeling. In Proceedings of the 27th international symposium on automation and robotics in construction (ISARC-27), Bratislava, Slovakia (pp. 25-27). Baird, G. ed., 2016. Building evaluation techniques. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. Crawley, D.B., Hand, J.W., Kummert, M. and Griffith, B.T., 2017. Contrasting the capabilities of building energy performance simulation programs. Building and environment, 43(4), pp.661-673. Hensen, J.L. and Lamberts, R., 2011. Introduction to building performance simulation. Building performance simulation for design and operation, pp.365-401. Hien, W.N., Poh, L.K. and Feriadi, H., 2008. The use of performance-based simulation tools for building design and evaluationa Singapore perspective. Building and Environment, 35(8), pp.709-736. Kelly, S., Crawford-Brown, D. and Pollitt, M.G., 2012. Building performance evaluation and certification in the UK: Is SAP fit for purpose?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(9), pp.6861-6878. Nawawi, A.H. and Khalil, N., 2008. Post-occupancy evaluation correlated with building occupants' satisfaction: An approach to performance evaluation of government and public buildings. Journal of Building Appraisal, 4(2), pp.59-69. Pheng Low, S., Ying Liu, J. and Hiong Oh, K., 2008. Influence of total building performance, spatial and acoustic concepts on buildability scores of facilities. Facilities, 26(1/2), pp.85-104. Preiser, W.F. and Schramm, U., 2012. Intelligent office building performance evaluation. Facilities, 20(7/8), pp.279-287. Schlueter, A. and Thesseling, F., 2009. Building information model based energy/exergy performance assessment in early design stages. Automation in construction, 18(2), pp.153-163. Wong, N.H. and Jan, W.L.S., 2013. Total building performance evaluation of academic institution in Singapore. Building and Environment, 38(1), pp.161-176. Yezioro, A., Dong, B. and Leite, F., 2008. An applied artificial intelligence approach towards assessing building performance simulation tools. Energy and Buildings, 40(4), pp.612-620.

Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam

Introduction Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world with converts spreading all over the world following the many conversions that are taking place every day. In the recent times, the religion has witnessed the emergence of differences among its followers both in the interpretation of their holy writings and religious beliefs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Traditionally, this religion was based on the teachings of Prophet Mohammad and the Quran. Some religious leaders have however emphasised what is now regarded as radicalism, which is the strict interpretation of the Quran and Mohammed’s teachings. This essay seeks to find the differences between classical and radical Islam life with reference to faith, values, beliefs, practices, and understanding of God. Differences in Faith The holy book on which the Islamic religion is ba sed is the Quran, which is the book written directly word for word as communicated by God and memorised by the prophet. It has 114 chapters that were written at around 600 CE. Every Muslim considers this book to be the source of his/her faith and the template to their behaviours and morals. Classical Islam follows the Quran. However, it discourages any form of violence, which they claim is not advocated for in the Quran. They believe that Muslims should refrain from acts of aggression to practice prayers and respect for Allah (Umar 125). On the other hand, Radical Islamists are considered violent, a trait they use to propagate their faith. Strict observance of the law is followed with punishments being instituted to those who do not follow this to the letter. While the basic beliefs and faith are common to both groups, there exist few differences. The Quran advises Muslims to pray as many times in a day as possible with the minimum being five times (Ibrahim 34). God is described as having strengthened their faith by giving them a direction in which to pray. In the Quran, it is written that, â€Å"Turn your face to the holy mosque and wherever you are, turn your’ face towards it† (Saheeh International 23). The expression of faith is therefore most importantly portrayed by this prayer practice. While classical Islam leaves the decision of prayer to individuals, it is a sin in Radical Islam not to pray to Allah. This strict observance of the law means that they practice more of faith in relation to their counterparts. However, this is not genuine, as true faith is based on an individual and not on coercion based on the holy teachings. The Sharia law is responsible for the daily life of the ordinary Muslim. For a radical Muslim, the Sharia law is a doctrine that is to be followed to the letter including the killing of those Muslims who convert to other faiths such as Christianity.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The moderate or classical Muslim teachings do not emphasize a strict adherence to the Sharia law. There is more freedom in the beliefs and practices. Violence among women is popular in the radical Islamic communities with most of them suppressing women and denying them their rights. The girl child in this community is a social responsibility with most of the rules meant to punish her. Sharia law traditionally allows holy wars for Muslims where they force other religions to Islam with grave consequences for those who do not. In the past, religious conflicts involving Muslims and other religions have almost been by radical Islamists. In both classical and radical Islam, prayer is defined as a basis of faith in the ordinary life according to the Quran, which states, â€Å"God would never leave your faith to waste† (Saheeh International 23). In the teachings of radicalism, prayer is a vital teaching with more emphasis on faith. Another example of faith is the belief that people should do their best to die for the course of religion to go directly to heaven. Radical Muslims believe that death will earn them a prestigious place among the dead if they die while on a mission to kill other people viewed as offensive. The respect for human life is therefore minimal here (Umar 125). Values, Beliefs, and Practices The Hadith is the written doctrine for the religion with the main content being the life of Mohammed. This varies among the various sects of Islam as handed down through history. The Shi’ites and the Sunnis are the main groups of Muslims with differing thoughts and interpretation on the Hadith. For the classical Muslims, Sufism, which is the expression of the inward love for God and respect for the world around is emphasized. The five pillars of Islam, which are Ramadan, Sawm, Zakat, Shahada, and Salat, are strictly followed in classical and radical Islamism (Nadwi 7). However, in the r adical Islam, teachings are that followers have to attend all of them during their lifetime. In both classical and Radical Islam, Jihad is a concept that clearly distinguishes the two. In classical Islam, the jihad is necessary only when considered as a form of preventing evil in the society and or correcting perceived wrongs. Its use is to achieve meritorious deeds in the society, as it tries to achieve the truth besides maintaining what is socially right according to this form of Islam (Qutb 45). To the Radical Islam, the Jihad is a holy war where members participate to redeem their religion, attain political scores, and punish those perceived as being against the religion. Those countries, organizations, individuals, as well as members of other religions perceived to be a threat to the religion are fought using the jihad (Daniel 24). One may wonder why the radicals spend most of their time creating enemies and practising for the jihad even when they are not aggrieved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For most of the jihadists, killing the enemy is the main target. Death is not feared. In most of the terrorist activities that are religious-based, radical Islam is blamed for most of the acts. There are implications in areas where radicalism exists to these kinds of activities. The current teachings of radicalism allow the murder of people of different religions without sparing those of the same religion considered as external or too moderate. These teachings however are not included in the Quran, which teaches peace and living in harmony with other people. Radicalism is therefore not supported by the classical Muslim doctrine. In the daily life of Muslims, there exist distinct differences between radicalism and classical or moderate Islam. In radical Islam, women are inferior, as they dress to cover their whole body. Punish ments are harsh especially for those who commit adultery, women in particular. Another difference is the belief in slavery. Radical beliefs allow Muslims to take in slaves to work for them although this is not indicated in the holy teachings. It is not legal in classical Islam. In Radical Islam, religious leaders dictate all the daily activities of individuals. There is little if any independence. The community is covered with the strict rules as discussed with violation being faced by strict punishment. Understanding of God To all Muslims, Allah is the only Supreme Being in the universe. He is to be revered and worshiped alone. The belief in Allah is the foundation of Islam. A difference in this belief exists in Radical and Classical Islam. There has been varying beliefs between classical and radical Islam on the role of Prophet Muhammad and the abilities of God. In the differences, Radical Islamism allows the belief that the death of a person in the jihad or when fighting for the course will give him/her automatic access to God. Therefore, many malicious Muslims characterize Radical Islamism. To them, they will seize any opportunity that can earn them death and hence the long-awaited destiny of Heaven where God resides. Conclusion As discussed above, there exist distinct differences between classical and radical Islam. The foundations of Islam are respected in classical and Radical Islam. These include the common belief of Allah and Prophet Muhammad. Faith is also similar in both though the radical Islamists encourage and or enforce strict forms of the faith. Major differences include the use of violence especially the jihad. Radicalism has had negative effects on the Islamic world with major wars and bombings being associated with it. It therefore does not represent the teachings of the prophet. Hence, it is not in line with the Quran.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Daniel, Norman. Islam and the West: The Making of an Image. Oxford, England: One-World Publications, 1993. Print. Ibrahim, Ishmael. A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam. Houston: Darussalam, 1997. Print. Nadwi, AbulHasan. The Four Pillars of Islam. Lucknow, India: Academy of Islamic Research and Publications, 1976. Print. Qutb, Sayyed. Islam and Universal Peace. Indianapolis, IN: American Trust Publications, 1977. Print. Saheeh International. The Quran: Arabic Text with Corresponding English Meaning. London: Abul Qasim Publishing House, 1997. Print. Umar, Ashqar. Belief in Allah in the Light of the Quran and Sunnah. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 2000. Print. This essay on Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam was written and submitted by user Valerie R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Anabolic Steroids - Performance Enhancing Drugs

Anabolic Steroids - Performance Enhancing Drugs Anabolic steroids are a class of steroid hormones based on the androgen testosterone. Anabolic steroids are also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids or AAS or performance-enhancing drugs. What Do Anabolic Steroids Do? Anabolic steroids increase the rate of protein synthesis within cells. The building of cellular tissue (anabolism) is especially noticeable in muscles. Anabolic steroids also have androgenic and virilizing effects. They influence masculine characteristics such as the growth of the vocal cords and body hair. How Are Anabolic Steroids Used as Drugs? Anabolic steroids have been attractive to athletes and bodybuilders because they increase the size and strength of muscles. They also increase aggressiveness and competitiveness, which can be desirable traits in sports. Anabolic steroids may be prescribed to promote appetite, stimulate bone growth, induce male puberty, to lessen the effects of muscle wasting from chronic diseases, such as cancer or AIDS, and may show promise as a male contraceptive. The drugs are available as oral pills, injectable steroids, and skin patches. How Do Anabolic Steroids Work? Anabolic steroids change muscle mass and strength by two processes. First, the steroids lead to an increased production of proteins, which are the building blocks of muscle. The steroids also block the effect of the hormone cortisol on muscle tissue, so that existing muscle is broken down at a slower rate. Additionally, anabolic steroids lead to cells differentiating into muscle more readily than fat. What Are the Risks of Using Anabolic Steroids? In addition to increasing muscle strength and mass, the effects of taking anabolic steroids include harmful changes in cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, acne, liver damage, and changes to the structure of the left ventricle of the heart. Anabolic steroids have an androgenic or virilizing effect, meaning they affect male characteristics. Anabolic steroids affect the onset of puberty, the growth of the clitoris in females and the penis in male children (does not affect the size of the penis in adults), increased the size of the vocal chords and deepening of the voice, increased body hair, and premature baldness in people predisposed to it. Another side effect is decreased fertility and testicular atrophy. Why Are Anabolic Steroids Dangerous for Teens? Many of the side effects of taking performance-enhancing drugs can be countered by combining them with other drugs and exercise and are somewhat reversible in adults. However, anabolic steroid use can have permanent negative consequences if used by adolescents. One side effect can be the early onset of puberty. More significantly, the drugs can stunt growth by prematurely stopping the lengthening of the bones.

Happy Family Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Happy Family Life - Essay Example One simple rule that I have observed to be the most effective is when families eat dinner together. I remember several outdated TV commercials that portray a happy family on the dinner table while eating. The father would often come home from work tired and weary while the mother would burst out of the kitchen door and upon seeing off her husband, would gaily call â€Å"Kids, your father’s here!† The scene cuts then to the mother serving the dish she prepared for her family, to which her husband and children give a beaming look to each other before deciding to dig in and eat. The cutscene is particularly critical and it can be interpreted as the time to cook dinner for the mother is but just a few moments because she loves what she is doing. It is the smile that she sees in her husband and children’s faces that make it all worthwhile and thus the emphasis of the commercial is on the eager faces of the people she loves who are bound to get fed. Commercials like th ese are still successful in getting their point across millions of families worldwide and they are as attractive today as they were four decades ago. I recently went out with a girlfriend to the mall and when it was about past eleven, she was already seeming impatient and anxious, always checking her watch and her mobile. I never knew her to be a stickler for a time but about a quarter before twelve, she promptly asked if we could go home already as she is concerned that her family might get worried about her. I, of course, conceded to her wish and she verbally thanked me and gave me a hug. Later on, she would reveal to me the reason why she acted the way she did. She recalled that every evening at about eight o’clock, her parents would let her and her sister sit in the dining room and eat dinner. While eating, her parents would casually ask her and her sister how was school or how was their day in general.

DWI (The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business) Essay

DWI (The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business) - Essay Example The telecom service providers(1) would have been able to collect more money and reduce their losses if it would have been possible for them to know that which customer would pay the bills and which customer is going to ditch them. Therefore one of the basic needs of risk management is to study the attitude of the customers. Once the company knows as to how a customer behaves with his billing issue, it would be very clear as to how he would behave further. It has been observed that the telecom providers who use transaction -based risk management are able to focus their attention on the riskiest accounts thus assigning the appropriate treatment to all the calls that is required. An advanced risk management technique has been devised which includes the following features: There should be an analysis of the complete set of data about the customer, the billing and the behavioral data. This will include all details about the calls and also the payment history and the customer service interactions. As regarding the private and public law implications in this situation, it is advisable that first both the terms should be made very clear. The private law is that part of the system of law which includes in it the relationship between the individuals only like the law of contract or tort etc.

Hazards Associated With Deep Excavations

Hazards Associated With Deep Excavations Health and Safety Task 2 P3 Describe a range of identifiable hazards associated with deep excavations and scaffolding when working from heights. Explain who may be at risk from these potential Hazards? Working from Heights: When working from heights it is vital to remember to be very careful because of the numerous dangers when doing so, there is quite a lot of professions that work from large heights, but the most common one in the construction industry is scaffolding. So Im going to give you some examples of hazards associated with scaffolding; Falling from said height: The dangers here are obvious, depending how far you fall and what you hit when going down and of course how and what you land on all determine how much damage you will take. Now the simplest way to make sure people dont fall of scaffolding is by having safety rails and barriers all the way around the platforms but this can cost a lot of money if they make it completely protected all the way around, so they have to make the scaffolders on site aware of any certain areas that are more dangerous than others for example a hole where ladders are from the area below, an area that isnt as well protected as it isnt an area of high traffic. When talking about falling from heights and who gets injured due to it this will rarely involve the public as they should not be climbing the scaffolding to be able to fall, so this will usually only effect the workers. Objects falling from height: Objects falling from height is one of the main causes of injury and death in the construction industry, this is because of the nature of the items and the large heights that are used on site for example, a lot of bricks and iron poles fall from the top of scaffolding that could be as high as a 30m building or even more, this is why P.P.E like hard hats were introduced because we identified hazards like this and realised this was the best plan of action. Objects falling from height can be very dangerous to the passing public when there is scaffolding being done on a busy main street for example, we now put measures In place so that the public has to be a certain distance away, as well as having netting theyre to try and catch the falling debris. Obviously workers are also injured and killed from falling objects quite regularly as well. Deep Excavations: Deep Excavations is where you have dug a rather large hole that requires foundations to keep the ground from caving inwards and crushing what ever is inside. Now obviously this is very dangerous job because there are a couple of major risks that are involved for example, the ground caving in around you, lack of oxygen in the tunnels, and digging in areas of danger. Ground Caving In: There is a great risk of the ground caving in while digging, the way around this problem is by creating foundations as you go along, these foundations will keep the sides from caving in, this is the most common danger when doing deep excavations, as sometimes people dont make strong foundations and the foundations could break leading to a cave in. Lack of Oxygen: There is a chance when working so low down that there will be a lack of oxygen, obviously we have found ways around this with Oxygen tanks and so on but, there is still a fear that the oxygen will be thin and cause you to pass out. Digging in areas of danger: There is also the danger of digging in dangerous areas when digging for example an electricity cable running along the ground, or major water pipes could also cause serious problems if damaged when digging. So it is very important to check the area that you are digging in properly to make sure that there isnt anything that could cause problems when digging. P4 Review and evaluate the main principle features of a risk assessment for these situations and determine the main differences between risks and hazards? Risk Assessments: There are four principle features of a risk assessment these are; Every employer must take an assessment of the risk to their works and non-employees at work, the risk assessment that has been taken must then be reviewed in case there is any changes needed to it, and then specific risk assessments must be carried out on young persons employed at work. These principles are very important they are what makes risk assessments work, if you dont stick to certain principles for example things could go wrong; Every employer must take and assessment of the risk to their works and non-employees at work, this is arguably the most important of the four as this is the base foundations for the rest, it is important to remember that the risk assessments that are taken are also for the public not just for employees. Secondly the undertaken risk assessment must be reviewed this is due to the fact that there could be a few risks missing, or on the other hand they might have added a few risks that werent there at all. There is also five main points to consider when doing a risk assessment these are: Identify the hazards, decide who might be harmed, evaluate the risks and precautions to be put in place, then record your findings and review your previous risk assessment and update it. Difference between a Risk and a Hazard: A Hazard is something that potentially has the ability to cause harm for example things like hot water/steam, electricity whereas a Risk is the likeliness of that said Hazard happening, for example electricity is being transferred threw a wire this is a potential hazard, there is no risk until the wire for example has been damaged, now there is a risk of being electrocuted so I becomes a risk. M1 Carry out a risk assessment for the task associated with the construction of a retaining wall. Remember to consider the 5 steps to a risk assessment. Introduction: First before I actually do a risk assessment Im going to quickly explain what a retaining wall is and make a diagram so it will be simpler to understand where I have found the risks and why I see them as risks. Retaining Walls: A retaining wall is a style of wall that is used more specifically for holding back dirt/stone back from a certain building/area; retaining walls if erected properly can be incredibly effective at fighting back erosion of the soil around the retaining wall. They are built by digging down and creating foundations and building the wall from the foundations up. D1 Justify your risk assessment strategy with accident records and data available and explain how you have taken all reasonable and practicable steps for control measures monitoring that you believe essential. Measures In Place I believe that we have taken all steps that are essential to control the dangers surrounding building a retaining wall, with a deep excavation for the foundations of the wall. We have found every hazard that we deem worthy of risk and rated said risk, we have put measures in place to make sure that these risks are avoided for example; when digging an deep excavation there is great risk that the ground can cave in from the sides, we get around this by making sure that we have safe solid foundations, making sure that they are maintained is vital as its no good having foundations if there going to break due to negligence. It is clear that its essential to have the right controls in place as the construction industry is a very dangerous place. So in conclusion I believe we have managed to cover every risk there, and as long as we stick to what measure that have been set we should be a lot safer than before. Data on accident records It is important to back up the risk assessment with recent data as to prove that there is a decline in people getting hurt and that the measures that we are putting in place over the years are making a difference. The first set of results shows the amount of injuries due to falling from heights in the construction industry between 1996 2008, the second set of results show the amount of injuries due to falling from heights in the construction industry between 2008 to 2009; it shows the three main types of injury, Fatal, Major and over 3 day injuries.

Applying Models of Health Promotion to Improve Effectiveness of Pharmacist-Led Campaign in Reducing Obesity in Socioeconomically Deprived Areas

Abstract This essay aims to determine how different models of health promotion can be used to improve effectiveness of pharmacist-led campaign in reducing obesity in socioeconomically deprived areas. The health belief, changes of stage and ecological approaches models are some models discussed in this brief. These models are suggested to be effective in underpinning pharmacist-led campaigns for obesity in the community. This essay also discusses the impact of obesity on individuals and the community and its prevalence in socio-economically deprived groups. Challenges associated with uptake of healthy behaviour are discussed along with possible interventions for obesity. It is suggested that a multi-faceted, community based intervention will likely lead to a successful campaign against obesity. Introduction Blenkinsopp et al. (2000) explain that health promotion is aimed at maintaining and enhancing good health in order to prevent ill health. Health promotion encompasses different issues and activities that influence the health outcomes of individuals and society. Health promotion involves the creation and implementation of health and social care policies that are deemed to prevent diseases and promote the physical, social and mental health of the people. Blenkinsopp et al. (2000) observe that pharmacists are perceived to have crucial roles as health promoters in the community. Since health promotion incorporates a range of actions that are aimed in promoting health, it is essential to understand the role of pharmacists in promoting health. In this essay, a focus is made on health promotion for individuals suffering from obesity in socioeconomically deprived areas. A discussion on the different models of health promotion will also be done. The first part of this brief discusses models o f health promotion while the second part critically analyses how these models can be used to underpin pharmacist-led campaigns in reducing obesity. The last part of this essay will summarise the key points raised in this essay. Models of Health Promotion Blenkinsopp et al. (2003) argue that, in the past, perspectives of pharmacists on ill-health takes the biomedical model approach to health. This model considers ill health as a biomedical problem (Goodson, 2009) and hence, technologies and medicines are used to cure the disease. Pharmacists are regarded as ‘experts’ in terms of their knowledge on a health condition and its cure. Hence, when the biomedical model is used, pharmacists’ response to a health-related query likely takes the disease-oriented approach to medical treatment and referral. This approach limits the care and interventions for the patients. Bond (2000) observes that while not necessarily inappropriate for pharmacy practice, the biomedical approach results to ‘medicalisation’ of health. This means that health and illness are both determined biologically. It should be noted that the primary function of pharmacists is to dispense medications. Hence, when making health-related advice to patients, this often involves information on medications appropriate to the health conditions of the patient. However, the role of pharmacists in providing medicines has expanded to include advice on the therapeutic uses of medications and information on how to maintain optimal health (Levin et al., 2008). Taylor et al. (2004) also reiterates that pharmacists are beginning to promote health through patient education that supports positive behaviour and actions related to health. This new approach is consistent with health models for individuals such as health belief model and stages of change. The health belief model teaches that individuals have to acknowledge the perceived threat and severity of the disease and how positive health behaviour can give them benefits (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). The benefits of the new behaviour should outweigh perceived barriers to the physical activity behaviours (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). This model requires that individuals have cues to action to help them adapt a new behaviour and gain self-efficacy. The latter is important since individuals suffering from chronic conditions need to develop self-efficacy to help them manage their condition and prevent complications (Lubkin and Larsen, 2011). It is well established that obesity, as a chronic condition, is a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, orthopaedic abnormalities and some form of cancer (Department of Health, 2009). When individuals receive sufficient patient education on obesity and the risks associated with this condition, it is believed that they will take actions to manage the condition. While the health belief model has gained success in helping individuals take positive actions regarding their health, Naidoo and Wills (2009) emphasises that patient education alone or informing them on the severity and their susceptibility of the disease may not be sufficient in changing or sustaining behaviour. Although individuals are informed on the benefits of the health behaviour, there is still a need to consider how environmental factors help shape health behaviour. It should be considered that obesity is a multifactorial problem and environmental factors play crucial roles in its development. Public Health England (2014) notes that in the last 25 years, the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled. This rapid increase in overweight and obesity prevalence shows that in 2010, only 30.9% of the men in the UK have basal metabolic index (BMI) within the healthy range (Public Health England, 2014). In contrast, the proportion of men with healthy BMI in 1993 was 41.0%. Amongst women, proportion of women with healthy BMI in 1993 was 49.5% but this dropped to 40.5% in 2010. It has been shown that almost a third or 26.1% of UK’s population is obese. If current trends are not addressed, it is projected that by 2050, 60% of adults will be obese (Public Health England, 2014). The effects of obesity are well established not only on the health of individuals but also on the cost of care and management of complications arising from this condition (Public Health England). Managing obesity at the individual level is necessary to help individuals adopt a healthier lifestyle. It has been shown that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables (Department of Health, 2011) and engagement in structured physical activities (De Silva-Sanigorski, 2011) improve health outcomes of obese or overweight individuals. The stages of change model (Goodson, 2009) could be used to promote health amongst this group. This model states that adoption of healthy behaviours such as engagement in regular physical activity or consumption of healthier food requires eliminating unhealthy ones. The readiness of an individual is crucial on whether people will progress through the five levels of stage of change model. These levels include pre-contemplation, contemplation followed by preparation, action and maintenance (Goodson, 2009). Different strategies are suggested for each level to assist an individual progress to the succeeding stage. It has been shown that prevalence of obesity is highest amongst those living in deprived areas in the UK and those with low socio-economic status (Department of Health, 2010, 2009). Families with ethnic minority origins are also at increased risk of obesity compared to the general white population in the country (Department of Health, 2010, 2009). This presents a challenge for healthcare practitioners since individuals living in poverty belong to the vulnerable groups (Lubkin and Larsen, 2011). It is suggested that development of obesity amongst this group could be related to their diet. Energy-dense food is cheaper compared to the recommended fruits and vegetables. In recent years, the Department of Health (2011) has promoted consumption of 5 different types of fruits and vegetables each day. However, the cost of maintaining this type of diet is high when compared to buying energy-dense food. The problem of obesity also has the greatest impact on children from low-income families. R esearch by Jones et al. (2010) has shown a strong link between exposures to commercials of junk foods with poor eating habits. It is noteworthy that many children in low-income families are exposed to long hours of television compared to children born to more affluent families (Adams et al., 2012). The multi-factorial nature of obesity suggests that management of this condition should also take a holistic approach and should not only be limited to health promotion models designed to promote individual health. Hence, identifying different models appropriate for communities would also be necessary to address obesity amongst socio-economically deprived families. One of models that also address factors present in the community or environment of the individual is the ecological approaches model (Goodson, 2009). Family, workplace, community, economics, beliefs and traditions and the social and physical environments all influence the health of an individual (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). The levels of influence in the ecological approaches model are described as intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy. Addressing obesity amongst socio-economically deprived individuals through the ecological approaches model will ensure that each level of influence is recogn ised and addressed. Pharmacist-led Campaigns in Reducing Obesity The health belief, stages of change and the ecological approaches models can all be used to underpin pharmacist-led campaigns in reducing obesity for communities that are socio-economically deprived. Blenkinsopp et al. (2003) state that community pharmacists have a pivotal role in articulating the needs of individuals with specific health conditions in their communities. Pharmacists can lobby at local and national levels and act as supporters of local groups who work for health improvement. However, the work of the pharmacists can also be influenced by their own beliefs, perceptions and practices. Blenkinsopp et al. (2003) emphasise that when working in communities with deprived individuals, the pharmacists should also consider how their own socioeconomic status influence the type of care they provide to the service users. They should also consider whether differences in socio-economic status have an impact on the care received the patients. There should also be a consideration if th ere are differences in the culture, educational level and vocabulary of service users and pharmacists. Differences might influence the quality of care received by the patients; for instance, differences in culture could easily lead to miscommunication and poor quality of care (Taylor et al., 2004). Bond (2000) expresses the need for pharmacists to examine the needs of each service user and how they can empower individuals to seek for healthcare services and meet their own needs. In community settings, it is essential to increase the self-efficacy of service users. Self-efficacy is described as the belief of an individual that they are capable of attaining specific goals through modifying their behaviour and adopting specific behaviours (Lubkin and Larsen, 2011). In relation to addressing obesity amongst socio-economically deprived individuals, pharmacists can use the different models to help individuals identify their needs and allow them to gain self-efficacy. For example, pharmacists can use the health belief model to educate individuals on the consequences of obesity. On the other hand, the stages of change model can be utilised to help individuals changed their eating behaviour and improve their physical activities. Uptake of behaviours such as healthy eating and increasing physical activities are not always optimal despite concerted efforts of communities and policymakers (Reilly et al., 2006). It is suggested that changing one’s behaviour require holistic and multifaceted interventions aimed at increasing self-efficacy of families and allowing them to take positive actions (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). There is evidence (Tucker et al., 2006; Barkin et al., 2012; Davison et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2014) that multifaceted community-based interventions aimed at families are more likely to improve behaviour and reduce incidence of obesity than single interventions. Community-based interventions can be supported with the ecological approaches model. This model recognises that one’s family, community, the environment, policies and other environment-related factors influence the health of the individuals. To date, the Department of Health (2010) through its Healthy Lives, Healthy People pol icy reiterates the importance of maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle to prevent obesity. This policy allows local communities to take responsibility and be accountable for the health of its community members. Pharmacists are not only limited to dispensing advice on medications for obesity but to also facilitate a healthier lifestyle. This could be done through collaboration with other healthcare professionals in the community (Goodson, 2009). A multidisciplinary approach to health has been suggested to be effective in promoting positive health outcomes of service users (Zhou et al., 2014). As discussed in this essay, pharmacists can facilitate the access of service users to activities and programmes designed to prevent obesity amongst members in the community. Finally, pharmacists have integral roles in health promotion and are not limited to dispensing medications or provide counselling on pharmacologic therapies. Their roles have expanded to include providing patients with holistic interventions and facilitating uptake of health and social care services designed to manage and prevent obesity in socio-economically deprived individuals. Conclusion In conclusion, pharmacists can use the different health promotion models to address obesity amongst individuals with lower socioeconomic status. The use of these models will help pharmacists provide holistic interventions to this group and address their individual needs. The different health promotion models discussed in this essay shows that it is crucial to allow service users gain self-efficacy. This will empower them to take positive actions regarding their health. Finally, it is suggested that a multi-faceted, community based intervention will likely lead to a successful campaign against obesity. References Adams, J., Tyrrell, R., Adamson, A. & White, M. (2012). Socio-economic differences in exposure to television food advertisements in the UK: a cross-sectional study of advertisements broadcast in one television region. Public Health Nutrition, 15(3), 487-494. Barkin, S., Gesell, S., Poe, E., Escarfuller, J. & Tempesti, T. (2012). Culturally tailored, family-centred, behavioural obesity intervention for Latino-American Preschool-aged children. Pediatrics, 130(3), 445-456. Blenkisopp, A., Panton, R. & Anderson, C. (2000). Health Promotion for Pharmacists, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Blenkisopp, A., Andersen, C. & Panton, R. (2003). Promoting Health. In: K. Taylor & G. Harding (Eds.), Pharmacy Practice (pp. 135-147). London: CRC Press. Bond, C. (2000). An introduction to pharmacy practice. In: C. Bond (ed.), Evidence-based pharmacy (pp. 1-21). London: Pharmaceutical Press. Davison, K., Jurkowski, J., Li, K., Kranz, S. & Lawson, H. ((2013). A childhood obesity intervention developed by families for families: results from a pilot study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(3). Retrieved November 21, 2014 from http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/10/1/ De Silva-Sanigorski, A. (2011). Obesity prevention in the family day care setting: impact of the Romp & Chomp intervention on opportunities for children’s physical activity and healthy eating. Child Care, Health and Development, 37(3), 385-393. Department of Health (2009). Change4Life. London: Department of Health. Department of Health (2010). Healthy Lives, Healthy People. London: Department of Health. Department of Health (2011). The Eatwell Plate. London: Department of Health. Goodson, P. (2009). Theory in health promotion research and practice: Thinking outside the box. London: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Jones, S., Mannino, N. & Green, J. (2010). Like me, want me, buy me, eat me’: relationship-building marketing communications in children’s magazines. Public Health and Nutrition, 13(12), 2111-2118. Lubkin, I. & Larsen, P. (2011). Chronic illness: impact and intervention. London: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Levin, B., Hurd, P. & Hanson, A. (2008). Introduction to public health in pharmacy. London: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Naidoo, J. & Wills, J. (2009) Foundations for health promotion. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. Public Health England (2014). Trends in Obesity Prevalence. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from http://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_about_obesity/trends Reilly, J., Montgomery, C., Williamson, A., Fisher, A., McColl, J., Lo Conte, R., Pathon, J. & Grant, S. (2006). Physical activity to prevent obesity in young children: cluster randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, doi: 10.1136/bmj.38979.623773.55 Retrieved November 21, 2014 from http://www.bmj.com/content/333/7577/1041.full.pdf+html Taylor, K., Nettleton, S. & Harding, G. (2004). Sociology for pharmacists: An introduction. London: CRC Press. Tucker, P., Irwin, J., Sangster Bouck, L., He, M. & Pollett, G. (2006). Preventing paediatric obesity; recommendations from a community-based qualitative investigation. Obesity Review, 7(3), 251-260. Zhou, Z., Ren, H., Yin, Z., Wang, L. & Wang, K. (2014). A policy-driven multifaceted approach for the early childhood physical fitness promotion: impacts on body composition and physical fitness in young Chinese children. BMC Pediatrics, 14: 118 Retrieved November 21, 2014 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24886119

Airline Customer Relationship Management Tool

* Airline Customer Relationship Management Tool INDEX 1. Introduction 2. System Analysis a. Existing System b. proposed System 3. Feasibility Report a. Technical Feasibility b. Operational Feasibility c. Economical Feasibility 4. System Requirement Specification Document a. Overview b. Modules Description c. Process Flow d. SDLC Methodology e. Software Requirements f. Hardware Requirements 5. System Design a. DFD b. E-R diagram c. UML d. Data Dictionary 6. Technology Description 7. Coding 8. Testing & Debugging Techniques 9. Output Screens 10. Reports 11. Future Enhancements 2. Conclusion 13. Bibliography * INTRODUCTION The Main Objective of this System is to design a system to accommodate the needs of customers. This application helps a customer to know about the flight’s information and can reserve seats throughout the globe irrespective of the location. This is a computerized system to make seats reservations, keep ticket bookings and availability details up-to-date. This w eb based system provides all flight’s information, availability of flights, availability of seats. It contains information about pilots, air hostess and airport information.It also provides time schedules for different flights and source, destination details. It provides cost of tickets and enquiry details. Features of the project Reduces the complexity present in the manual system and saves time. 1. Users can access the required data easily. 2. It maintains accurate information. 3. Provides instantaneous updated information to all users. 4. Communication is fast and clear and avoids misunderstandings. It is a computerized system to make room reservations and keep room bookings and availability of details up-to-dateSystem Analysis Purpose of the System This web based system provides all flight’s information, availability of flights, availability of seats. It contains information about pilots, air hostess and airport information. It also provides time schedules for diff erent flights and source, destination details. It provides cost of tickets and enquiry details. Existing System * This system doesn’t provide register the multiple Flights * This system doesn’t provide online help to the public Proposed SystemThe development of this new system contains the following activities, which try to develop on-line application by keeping the entire process in the view of database integration approach. * This system provide online help to the public * This system provide agents registration and book the bulk tickets * This system provide late running flights information before 3 hours * Online status of the tickets must be provided in real time Feasibility Study TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY Evaluating the technical feasibility is the trickiest part of a feasibility study.This is because, at this point in time, not too many detailed design of the system, making it difficult to access issues like performance, costs on (on account of the kind of technolog y to be deployed) etc. A number of issues have to be considered while doing a technical analysis. i) Understand the different technologies involved in the proposed system Before commencing the project, we have to be very clear about what are the technologies that are to be required for the development of the new system. i) Find out whether the organization currently possesses the required technologies * Is the required technology available with the organization? * If so is the capacity sufficient? For instance – â€Å"Will the current printer be able to handle the new reports and forms required for the new system? † OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned into information systems that will meet the organizations operating requirements. Simply stated, this test of feasibility asks if the system will work when it is developed and installed.Are there major barriers to Implementation? Here are questions that will help test the op erational feasibility of a project: * Is there sufficient support for the project from management from users? If the current system is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not be able to see reasons for change, there may be resistance. * Are the current business methods acceptable to the user? If they are not, Users may welcome a change that will bring about a more operational and useful systems. * Have the user been involved in the planning and development of the project? Early involvement reduces the chances of resistance to the system and in * General and increases the likelihood of successful project. Since the proposed system was to help reduce the hardships encountered. In the existing manual system, the new system was considered to be operational feasible. ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY Economic feasibility attempts 2 weigh the costs of developing and implementing a new system, against the benefits that would accrue from having the new system in place. This feasibility study gives the top management the economic justification for the new system.A simple economic analysis which gives the actual comparison of costs and benefits are much more meaningful in this case. In addition, this proves to be a useful point of reference to compare actual costs as the project progresses. There could be various types of intangible benefits on account of automation. These could include increased customer satisfaction, improvement in product quality better decision making timeliness of information, expediting activities, improved accuracy of operations, better documentation and record keeping, faster retrieval of information, better employee morale.System Requirement Specification Modules Description No of Modules The system after careful analysis has been identified to be presented with the following modules: The Modules involved are 1. Admin 2. Flight 3. Reservation SDLC METHDOLOGIES This document play a vital role in the development of life cycle (SDLC) as it de scribes the complete requirement of the system. It means for use by developers and will be the basic during testing phase. Any changes made to the requirements in the future will have to go through formal change approval process.SPIRAL MODEL was defined by Barry Boehm in his 1988 article, â€Å"A spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement. This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development, but it was the first model to explain why the iteration models. As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long. Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with a client reviewing the progress thus far. Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.The steps for Spiral Model can be generalized as follows: * The new system requirements are defined in as much details as possible. This usually involves interviewing a number of users representing all the external or internal users and other aspects of the existing system. * A preliminary design is created for the new system. * A first prototype of the new system is constructed from the preliminary design. This is usually a scaled-down system, and represents an approximation of the characteristics of the final product. A second prototype is evolved by a fourfold procedure: 1. Evaluating the first prototype in terms of its strengths, weakness, and risks. 2. Defining the requirements of the second prototype. 3. Planning an designing the second prototype. 4. Constructing and testing the second prototype. * At the customer option, the entire project can be aborted if the risk is deemed too great. Risk factors might involved development cost overruns, operating-cost miscalculation, or any other factor that could, in the customer’s judgment, result in a less-than-satisfactory final product. *The existing prototype is evaluated in the same manner as was the previous prototype, and if necessa ry, another prototype is developed from it according to the fourfold procedure outlined above. * The preceding steps are iterated until the customer is satisfied that the refined prototype represents the final product desired. * The final system is constructed, based on the refined prototype. * The final system is thoroughly evaluated and tested. Routine maintenance is carried on a continuing basis to prevent large scale failures and to minimize down time. The following diagram shows how a spiral model acts like:Fig 1. 0-Spiral Model ADVANTAGES * Estimates(i. e. budget, schedule etc . ) become more relistic as work progresses, because important issues discoved earlier. * It is more able to cope with the changes that are software development generally entails. * Software engineers can get their hands in and start woring on the core of a project earlier. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENT Software Requirements Operating System:Windows XP Professional or Above. Languages:C#. NET, ASP. NET Data Base:SQL Server. Web Server: IIS 5. 0 OR Above. Hardware Requirements Processor:Pentium IV Hard Disk:40GB RAM:512MB or more

How the Channel Tunnel Was Built and Designed

The Channel Tunnel, which is often called the Chunnel or the Euro Tunnel, is a railway tunnel that lies underneath the water of the English Channel and connects the island of Great Britain with mainland France. The Channel Tunnel, completed in 1994 and officially opened on May 6 of that year, is considered one of the most amazing engineering feats of the 20th century. Overview of the Channel Tunnel For centuries, crossing the English Channel via boat or ferry had been considered a miserable task. The often inclement weather and choppy water could make even the most seasoned traveler seasick. It is perhaps not surprising then that as early as 1802 plans were being made for an alternate route across the English Channel. Early Plans This first plan, made by French engineer Albert Mathieu Favier, called for a tunnel to be dug under the water of the English Channel. This tunnel was to be large enough for horse-drawn carriages to travel through. Although Favier was able to get the backing of French leader Napoleon Bonaparte, the British rejected Faviers plan. (The British feared, perhaps correctly, that Napoleon wanted to build the tunnel in order to invade England.) Over the next two centuries, others created plans to connect Great Britain with France. Despite progress made on a number of these plans, including actual drilling, they all eventually fell through. Sometimes the reason was political discord, other times was financial problems. Still other times it was Britains fear of invasion. All of these factors had to be solved before the Channel Tunnel could be built. A Contest In 1984, French President Francois Mitterrand and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher jointly agreed that a link across the English Channel would be mutually beneficial. However, both governments realized that although the project would create much-needed jobs, neither countrys government could fund such a massive project. Thus, they decided to hold a contest. This contest invited companies to submit their plans to create a link across the English Channel. As part of the contests requirements, the submitting company was to provide a plan to raise the needed funds to build the project, have the ability to operate the proposed Channel link once the project was completed, and the proposed link must be able to endure for at least 120 years. Ten proposals were submitted, including various tunnels and bridges. Some of the proposals were so outlandish in design that they were easily dismissed; others would be so expensive that they were unlikely to ever be completed. The proposal that was accepted was the plan for the Channel Tunnel, submitted by the Balfour Beatty Construction Company (this later became Transmanche Link). The Design for the Channel Tunnels The Channel Tunnel was to be made up of two parallel railway tunnels that would be dug under the English Channel. Between these two railway tunnels would run a third, smaller tunnel that would be used for maintenance, as well as providing a space for drainage pipes, etc. Each of the trains that would run through the Chunnel would be able to hold cars and trucks. This would enable personal vehicles to go through the Channel Tunnel without having individual drivers face such a long, underground drive. The plan was expected to cost $3.6 billion. Getting Started Just getting started on the Channel Tunnel was a monumental task. Funds had to be raised (over 50 large banks gave loans), experienced engineers had to be found, 13,000 skilled and unskilled workers had to be hired and housed, and special tunnel boring machines had to be designed and built. As these things were getting done, the designers had to determine exactly where the tunnel was to be dug. Specifically, the geology of the bottom of the English Channel had to be carefully examined. It was determined that although the bottom was made of a thick layer of chalk, the Lower Chalk layer, made up of chalk marl, would be the easiest to bore through. Building the Channel Tunnel Evening Standard/Getty Images The digging of the Channel Tunnel began simultaneously from the British and the French coasts, with the finished tunnel meeting in the middle. On the British side, the digging began near Shakespeare Cliff outside of Dover; the French side began near the village of Sangatte. The digging was done by huge tunnel boring machines, known as TBMs, which cut through the chalk, collected the debris, and transported the debris behind it using conveyor belts. Then this debris, known as spoil, would be hauled up to the surface via railroad wagons (British side) or mixed with water and pumped out through a pipeline (French side). As the TBMs bore through the chalk, the sides of the newly dug tunnel had to be lined with concrete. This concrete lining was to help the tunnel withstand the intense pressure from above as well as to help waterproof the tunnel. Connecting the Tunnels One of the most difficult tasks on the Channel Tunnel project was making sure that both the British side of the tunnel and the French side actually met up in the middle. Special lasers and surveying equipment was used; however, with such a large project, no one was sure it would actually work. Since the service tunnel was the first to be dug, it was the joining of the two sides of this tunnel that caused the most fanfare. On December 1, 1990, the meeting of the two sides was officially celebrated. Two workers, one British (Graham Fagg) and one French (Philippe Cozette), were chosen by lottery to be the first to shake hands through the opening. After them, hundreds of workers crossed to the other side in celebration of this amazing achievement. For the first time in history, Great Britain and France were connected. Finishing the Channel Tunnel Although the meeting of the two sides of the service tunnel was a cause of great celebration, it certainly wasnt the end of the Channel Tunnel building project. Both the British and the French kept digging. The two sides met in the northern running tunnel on May 22, 1991, and then, only a month later, the two sides met in the middle of the southern running tunnel on June 28, 1991. That too wasnt the end of the Chunnel construction. Crossover tunnels, land tunnels from the coast to the terminals, piston relief ducts, electrical systems, fireproof doors, the ventilation system, and train tracks all had to be added. Also, large train terminals had to be built at Folkestone in Great Britain and Coquelles in France. The Channel Tunnel Opens On December 10, 1993, the first test run was completed through the entire Channel Tunnel. After additional fine-tuning, the Channel Tunnel officially opened on May 6, 1994. After six years of construction and $15 billion spent (some sources say upwards of $21 billion), the Channel Tunnel was finally complete.